Here, the demand is still there, but the supply has been significantly reduced," he said, especially for the airlines that are domiciled in the Middle East, such as Emirates and Etihad Airways.University of Queensland Professor Sara Dolnicar agreed, telling SBS News that, while the war has led to significant disruptions to travel and tourism, these are "very different in nature" to those caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, also highlighting that "people were legally limited from moving" during the pandemic, while at present borders remained open and only "certain routes" had been affected However, while supply shocks and increasing freight costs are in some ways redolent of those experienced during COVID-19, logistics disruptions at that time had different causes, such as border closures, lockdowns in countries with large manufacturing sectors, labour shortages and congestion at ports as demand for certain goods plummeted.Furthermore, in 2020, as COVID‑19 mitigation measures caused a drop in demand for fuel, the world faced a global oversupply of oil, rather than the potential undersupply triggered by the war in the Middle East.As Professor Rico Merkert from the University of Sydney Business School points out, the current cause of the supply shocks is more specific, and in some ways the polar opposite of what occurred in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic